Elijah Muhammad, the Leader of the Nation of Islam

Elijah Muhammad, the Leader of the Nation of Islam For more than forty years, human rights activist and Muslim minister, Elijah Muhammad stood at the helm of the Nation of Islam- a religious organization that combined the teachings of Islam with a strong emphasis on morality and self-sufficiency for African-Americans. Muhammad, a devout believer in black nationalism once even said, â€Å"The Negro wants to be everything but himself[...] He wants to integrate with the white man, but he cannot integrate with himself or with his own kind. The Negro wants to lose his identity because he does not know his own identity.† Muhammad Rejects the Jim Crow South Muhammad was born Elijah Robert Poole on October 7, 1897 in Sandersville, GA. His father, William, was a sharecropper and his mother, Mariah, was a domestic worker. Muhammad workforce in Cordele, GA with his 13 siblings. By the fourth grade, he had stopped attending school and began working a variety of jobs in sawmills and brickyards. In 1917, Muhammad married Clara Evans. Together, the couple had eight children. By 1923, Muhammad had grown tired of the Jim Crow South saying, â€Å"I seen enough of the white man’s brutality to last me 26,000 years.† Muhammad moved his wife and children to Detroit as part of the great migration and found work in an automobile factory. In Detroit, Muhammad was drawn to the teachings of Marcus Garvey and became a member of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. The Nation of Islam In 1931, Muhammad met Wallace D. Fard, a salesman who had begun teaching African-Americans in the Detroit area about Islam. Fard’s teachings connected the principles of Islam with black nationalism- ideas that were attractive to Muhammad. Soon after their meeting, Muhammad converted to Islam and changed his name from Robert Elijah Poole to Elijah Muhammad. In 1934, Fard disappeared and Muhammad assumed leadership of the Nation of Islam.  Muhammad established Final Call to Islam, a news publication that helped build the membership of the religious organization. In addition, Muhammad University of Islam was founded to educate children. The Temple of Islam Following the disappearance of Fard, Muhammad took a group of the Nation of Islam’s followers to Chicago while the organization broke off into other factions of Islam. Once in Chicago, Muhammad founded Temple of Islam No. 2, establishing the town as the headquarters of the Nation of Islam. Muhammad began preaching the philosophy of the Nation of Islam and began attracting African-Americans in urban areas to the religious organization. Soon after making Chicago the national headquarters for the Nation of Islam, Muhammad traveled to Milwaukee where he established Temple No. 3 and Temple No. 4 in Washington D.C. Muhammad’s success was halted when he was imprisoned in 1942 for refusing to respond to a World War II  draft. While imprisoned, Muhammad continued to spread the teachings of the Nation of Islam to inmates. When Muhammad was released in 1946, he continued to lead the Nation of Islam, claiming that he was Allah’s messenger and that Fard was in fact, Allah. By 1955, the Nation of Islam had expanded to include 15 temples and by 1959, there 50 temples in 22 states. Until his death in 1975, Muhammad continued to grow the Nation of Islam from a small religious organization to one that had multiple streams of income and had gained national prominence. Muhammad published two books, Message to the Black Man in 1965 and How to Eat to Live in 1972. The organization’s publication, Muhammad Speaks, was in circulation and at the height of the Nation of Islam’s popularity, the organization boasted a membership of an estimated 250,000.   Muhammad also mentored men such as Malcolm X, Louis Farrakhan and several of his sons, who were also devout members of the Nation of Islam. Muhammad died of congestive heart failure in 1975 in Chicago. Sources Muhammad, Elijah. How to Eat to Live - Book One: From God In Person, Master Fard Muhammad. Paperback, Reprint edition, Secretarius Memps Publications, August 30, 2006. Muhammad, Elijah. Message to the Blackman in America. Paperback, Secretarius Memps Publications, September 5, 2006.

This Is What JavaScript Is Used For

This Is What JavaScript Is Used For There are a number of different places where JavaScript can be used but the most common place to use it is in a web page. In fact, for most people using JavaScript, in a web page is the only place where they use it. The Three Languages of a Website The first requirement of a web page is to define the content of the web page. This is done using a markup language that defines what each of the component parts of the content are. The language that is normally used to markup the content is HTML although XHTML can also be used if you do not require the pages to work in Internet Explorer. Hamza TArkkol / Getty Images The HTML defines what the content is. When written properly no attempt is made to define how that content is supposed to look. After all, the content will need to look different depending on what device is being used to access it. Mobile devices generally have smaller screens than computers. Printed copies of the content will have a fixed width and may not require all the navigation be included. For people listening to the page, it will be how the page is read rather than how it looks that needs to be defined. The appearance of a web page is defined using Cascading Style Sheets that specify which media the specific commands apply to, so the content formats appropriately for the device. Using just these two languages you can create static web pages that will be accessible regardless of which device is used to access the page. These static pages can interact with your visitor through the use of forms. After a form is filled out and submitted, a request is sent back to the server where a new static web page is constructed and eventually downloaded into the browser. The big disadvantage of web pages like this is that the only way that your visitor has of interacting with the page is by filling out the form and waiting for a new page to load. Add JavaScript for Dynamic Pages JavaScript translates your static page into one that can interact with your visitors without them needing to wait for a new page to load every time they make a request. JavaScript adds behavior to the web page where the page responds to actions without needing to load a new page to process the request. No longer does your visitor need to fill out an entire form and submit it in order to be told that they made a typo in the first field and need to enter it all again. With JavaScript, you can validate each of the fields as they enter it and provide immediate feedback when they err. Tetra Images / Getty Images JavaScript also allows your page to be interactive in other ways that do not involve forms at all. You can add animations into the page that either attract attention to a specific part of the page or which make the page easier to use.You can provide responses within the web page to various actions that your visitor takes so as to avoid the need to load new web pages to respond. You can even have the JavaScript load new images, objects, or scripts into the web page without needing to reload the entire page. There is even a way for JavaScript to pass requests back to the server and handle responses from the server without the need for loading new pages. Incorporating JavaScript into a web page allows you to improve your visitors experience by converting it from a static page into one that can interact with them. One important thing to remember though is that not everyone visiting your page will have JavaScript and so your page will still need to work for those who dont have JavaScript. Use JavaScript to make your page work better for those who have it.

Treatment Plan for Severe Heart Failure and Diabetes Research Paper

Treatment Plan for Severe Heart Failure and Diabetes - Research Paper Example It is imperative for him to take his situation seriously and consult with his physician on a regular basis, so that, if his health condition worsens, then it can be treated timely. This problem of breathlessness could also be early symptom of lung cancer, due to this possibility; Herbert’s complete physical is strongly recommended that will help in diagnosing any subtle diseases prevailing in his body. Government should also play its due role in saving this man’s life, because he is not in a good financial position, so it is the duty of federal agencies to pay his medical dues. In many cases breathlessness and hypertension are directly responsible for heart failure (Lavine & Gellman, 2002). In the light of this observation, the role of nursing and other medical staff becomes significant in saving the life of a patient. Healthy lifestyle with mild level of exercise, minimize the breathlessness, as respiratory system has to inhale sufficient amount of air to compensate fo r fatigue, in this way it starts working properly. On the other side it also causes an individual’s appetite to normalize (Nodari, Metra, Cas, & Cas, 2003). At the same time, formalized group discussion panel containing professional doctors, was unable to develop a more effective and efficient way for the treatment breathlessness and appetite disorder, in comparison with existing ones (Kasje, Denig, Stewart, Graeff, & Haaijer-Ruskamp, 2012). A revolutionary finding is being highlighted by Mangiavacchi & et al, (2008), which points out towards the increased death rate, due to heart failure, in those diabetics who were suffering from respiratory issues, and were treated by insulin, thus concluding in the favor of non-usage of insulin on diabetic heart patients. At the same time, Metformin is recommended for the treatment of diabetes in heart patients with breathlessness (Eurich & etal, 2009). Breathlessness is caused by a malfunctioning part of a respiratory system, starting fr om nose to lungs (Bennett, 2003). On the other hand, this situation can be caused by blockage of air passages of nose, thus limiting the airflow to the lungs A problem in human’s circulatory system can also cause an individual to feel breathless, because with the sufficient amount of oxygen reaching to the cells of the body. The nerves system, therefore attempts to compensate for oxygen deficiency (Bennett, 2003). By pushing respiratory rate to a higher level, as a consequence patient feels breathless. It is believed that an early detection of breathlessness and appetite loss in elder people could be helpful in treating the disease (Boonman-de Winter & etal, 2009). In the case study Mr. Herbert has been diagnosed, with breathlessness earlier, so it will be relatively simple to devise a healthcare plan for him. Along with this, his caring attitude regarding his health is commendable. Metaformin treatment is suggested for Herbert, because it does not endanger the life of a card iac patient with breathing disorder, unlike insulin (Andersson & etal, 2010). Along with the medication, proper, light and routine exercise is also prescribed for the patient under study. However, relax home environment is critical for the health of the patient. According to the findings of a preliminary study, breathlessness could

Review of the imperial peace democracy, force and globalization Essay

Review of the imperial peace democracy, force and globalization - Essay Example In 1980s the focus was really placed on the state resulting in â€Å"a rigid boundary between the pacific nature of inter-liberal state relations and the warlike nature of liberal–non-liberal state relations.† (MacMillan, 1993) The view on this problem changed when more researchers started to relate it with the process of globalization. Statistical world of internal state politics was substituted by concepts in motion which highlight the dynamic nature of the relations between democracy and war. From the globalization perspective the international system is viewed as a whole divided into discrete zones with different logics of interstate relations. As the meanings of ‘democracy’ and ‘war’ cannot be really fixed, the belief that ‘democratic’ states do not start a war with one another is inadequate since the states and their political systems are subject to changes. The notions of democracy and war differ across the time and location. The relation between them is determined by historical location and social contexts in which they are embedded. As these notions are analyzed in the context of relations between sovereign territorial states in an anarchic international system, democracy and war defined in a historical and state-centric manner and globalization factor are little considered which is a serious oversight since the processes of social change related to the changing nature of democracy and war are global processes. In the majority of studies war and peace as the central problem of international relations are separated from globalization. However, the historical evolution of democracy and war is a part of broader patterns of global social change which impacts directly on the nature and meaning of democracy and war and conditions of use of the force by the states. As Barkawi & Laffey (1999) frame it â€Å"states and peoples fashion democratic claims and

Ralph Lauren Strategic and Operational Plans Analysis Essay Example for Free

Ralph Lauren Strategic and Operational Plans Analysis Essay Ralph Lauren Corporation Mission and Vision: â€Å"Mission- to ‘redefine American style, provide quality products, create worlds and invite people to take part in our dreams’. Vision- ‘to represent American style with a dash of British elegance and the comfort of natural fibers† (Ralph Lauren, 2013). The purpose of this analysis is to identify strategic and operational plans based upon current SWOT analysis, to include explanations and courses of action to achieve the related organization goals and the internal and external effects of our decisions to stakeholders. Ralph Lauren Corporation a Fortune 500 company headquartered in New York, NY is a leader in the design, marketing and distribution of premium lifestyle products in four categories: apparel, home, accessories and fragrances. For more than 45 years, Ralph Laurens reputation and distinctive image have been consistently developed across an expanding number of products, brands and international markets. (Enel SpA, 2013) Enel Group is responsible for the production and development of energy at a globally, with a vast majority of operations Europe and the Americas. The Enel Group produced over 29 billion kilowatts in 2013 from sun, the Earth’s heat and water enough to supply the energy needs of more than 10 million dwellings as well restrict the emission of over 20 million tons of CO2 in the environment. Enel Green Power is a world leader in the market thanks to its well-balanced product mix, providing volumes of energy well over the sector average. Enel Group has an installed capacity of 8,900 megawatts from a mix of sources including wind, solar, hydroelectric, geothermal, and biomass. (Alina-Florentina, C. 2011) Enel Group has 750 plants operating in 16 countries in Europe and the Americas. Strategic Plan: The strategic plan is geared toward generating cash flow in mature markets: In the current economic atmosphere, which is difficult, the strategic plan is designed to cut budget costs as well as increase efficiency. The Enel Group’s strategic plan, calls for a reduction in expenses of about 4 billion euros (based on 2013 controllable costs) for the 2013-2017 time frame. There mature markets are located primarily in Italy and Spain sectors. The strategic plan also provides for investment of 11 billion euros in other sectors of operation. Investments in assets will be reduced from 5.3 billion euros under the previous plan to 4.6 billion under the current strategic plan. Investment distribution assets will grow to 6.7 billion euros under the current strategic plan from around 6.2 billion euros under the previous plan. (Mills, Wiser, Porter 2009) The new strategic plan will see a 2.7 percent increase the cumulative capital expenditure compared to the previous 2013-2017 plan. Basically, the investment in research and development budget will increase to around 9.4 billion under the current strategic plan in comparison to 8.7 billion euros under the previous strategic plan. Installed capacity will rise from 38 gig watts in 2012 to 43 gig watts in the year 2017. (Alina-Florentina, C., 2011) During the implementation phase of the strategic plan period, the Enel Group expects to implement a structure simplification that will fuel minorities’ buy-out operations, when complete will increase the net income ownership at the Parent Company level from 65% in 2013 to 78% in 2017. Operational Plan: Ralph Lauren tries to uphold a very positive company culture and keep employees happy so they will stay long term. They like to promote from within and have many cases of employees starting at the bottom and working their way up to upper management. They not only offer pregnancy leave, but 3 months of parental leave as well for either parent whether having a child or adopting. They offer longer than average vacation time as well as many travel opportunities, and promotions to different locations within the company. It has been reported that although the salary is low with long hours and a highly stressful job, employees are given many rewards. Ralph Lauren offers its employees different rewards such as bonuses for attendance, employee discounts, and stock options. References Ralph Lauren Corporation SWOT Analysis. (2013). Polo Ralph Lauren Corporation SWOT Analysis, 1-8.

The Mood and Image in Poetry :: essays research papers

The Mood and Image in Poetry â€Å"This afternoon was the colour of water falling through sunlight; the trees glittered with the tumbling of leaves; The sidewalks shone like alleys of dropped maple leaves; And the houses ran along them laughing out of square; Open windows† (Lowell 185). This quote, taken out of Amy Lowell’s poem â€Å"September 1918,† illustrates the ability of the author to be very descriptive in order to give the reader an image of where she is and what is surrounding her. Through this poem she also give's the reader a sense of being there as well. Another author that resembles Lowell is Emily Dickinson. In Dickinson’s poem "I heard a Fly buzz-when I died" she says, â€Å"I heard a Fly buzz-when I died- The Stillness in the Room Was like the stillness in the Air- Between the Heaves of Storm† (Dickinson 1202). Like Lowell, Dickinson describes what she sees surrounding her, and by saying that she was dead in her poem she provides the reader the a bility to create a mental image of a person actually dead in a coffin. Also in her poem called â€Å"Because I could not Stop for Death† Dickinson says, â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death- He kindly stopped for me- The Carriage held just but Ourselves and Immortality† (Dickinson 1206). In Dickinson’s second poem, she describes how death is taking her in its carriage to immortality. Making the reader create a picture of death actually taking her to infinity. In her first poem the mood that Dickinson sets up is one of quietness and stillness because she says that the room was so quiet and serene that she actually heard a fly buzz by. And in her second poem the mood that Dickinson sets up is one of sadness. Both Lowell and Dickinson, provide their readers with poems, which are both descriptive, making the reader's feel involved in what they are reading. Also through their poems they set up a mood to make the reader's understand what it would be like to be in that specific place and time. In â€Å"September 1918† Lowell writes about how she felt during World War I. As she is walking through the park she describes collecting leaves as a keepsake for old memories which she wishes reminded her of good times, instead of the bad times that the war had brought. She says, â€Å"Someday there will be no war.

Shc34 – 2.1, 2.2 & 2.3

SHC34 – 2. 1, 2. 2 & 2. 3 Potential dilemma 1 – If a child in the setting is using their own language, religion and customs due to wishes of parents/family. Why is this a dilemma? This is a dilemma as the practitioners at the setting my not be able to understand the child, this means they will struggle to teach the child and help them develop. If the parent does not want the child to learn English it may be a problem, most of the school/setting will be speaking English.The parent may feel they are not focussing enough on this certain child's religion and also, since the child is using their own customs they may find some of ours offensive. The difficulty between my duty of care and the rights of the child – A practitioner would have a duty of care to educate the child and help them develop. The child has a right to use their own language, religion and customs of family or group, this means the practitioner could not stop the child from getting an education becaus e of their language, religion and customs, they have a right to this.Also, linking to this, the child has a right to an education, meaning you would have to provide this to the child under any circumstances. How would I deal with this situation? First of all, I would try to compromise with the parent, that the child could possibly speak English in the setting and speak their own language at home. Explain to the parent this may affect their holistic development and exactly what it will affect and how. This may be too big of a compromise, so if not I would look into getting a translator into the setting to help the child develop and learn.What could be the risks for the child? The risk here for the child is that they may not develop fully. This would be their holistic development as they will not be able to understand the practitioner when they are explaining activities and work. They will not be socialising and they may get frustrated and feel alone in the setting. Potential Dilemma 2 – If a member of the family turns up to pick a child up, one that is not supposed to due to wishes of parents/family. I will use mother as an example in this dilemma, if a mother is not allowed contact with the child. Why is this a dilemma?There is a risk of upsetting the child if they see the mother which really shouldn't happen as they should not be let in, although sometimes there could be a situation where the mother is forceful. The family member who has asked for the mother not to see the child could be upset by this, as it was against their wishes for the mother to try to contact them. The difficulty between my duty of care and the rights of the child – A practitioner would have a duty of care to protect the child, keep them safe and there had to be a reason for them not being allowed contact, they should also respect the parents/family's wishes.According to the UNCRC the child has a right for their family to be together, this means the child would normally ha ve a right to see a member of their family, but in this situation it is best not to go against the familys wishes despite that right. How would I deal with this situation? I would deal with this situation by letting the mother know that she is not permitted to enter the setting. I would explain there was no possible way she could take the child as there are certain people who are allowed to pick every child up and she is not down as one.I would ask the mother to leave the setting and if it did turn into a forceful situation I would call another member of staff to help escort this person out. If we could not get the parent to leave we would have to involve the authorities. What could be the risks for the child? The risks for this child could be a variety of different things. Without knowing the mothers background we couldn't say any specific risk as the mother could be dangerous or it could be other reasons.If the child see's this person they may get confused, they may not even recog nise them but if they do it may confuse them as they are not permanent in their life. Potential dilemma 3 – If you think a child in the setting may have a special educational need but the parent does not want them referred to find out as they do not believe the child has a special educational need. Why is this a dilemma? This is a dilemma as the child may not be able to develop properly if it is not clear if they do need extra support.They will also be sure how much support and what kind of support they need by finding out what special educational need they have. The difficulty between my duty of care and the rights of the child – As a practitioner I have a duty of care to make sure the child is developing as they should, I should be making sure the child is reaching their full potential. I would also have to respect the parents wishes. Every child with special needs should have special care and support, if the parent rejects this idea it will be very difficult to get support. How would I deal with this situation?I would try to explain to the parent how it would benefit the child to even talk to someone about their special educational need. I would explain as best I could that this was important for the child but I could also arrange something with the SENCO so they had all the information they needed to make the desicion. What could be the risks for the child? The risks in this dilemma for the child would be that they may not be developing hollistically, they would need extra support that they are not getting. This could affect the child later in life too as they may struggle in their education as they get older.It is always best to identify a special educational need at the earliest possible point as this benefits the child, they may start lacking in all area's of development the later it is left. Where to get support and advice – For certain situations it means different people to contact for support. SENCO, your manager, child protecti on officer, social services etc. These are a few people you could go to when conflicts or dilemma's arise as they may be able to support or advise you. They may be able to work beside you to get the best outome for the child and support/advise you throughout it. Danielle Le Vesconte 30105251 1578571749

Grapes of Wrath (Sin&Virtue) Essay

Through out John Steinbeck’s controversial novel, The Grapes of Wrath, the protagonist are faced with a daunting idea; that there is no ‘good’ and ‘bad’ forces in the world. Grapes of Wrath was published in an era filled with discrimination, hate, and fear directed at the fleeing â€Å"Okies†; in the early 1930’s the midwestern states where decimated by a foreseen but still devastating Dust Bowl. The reader joins the main characters, the Joad family, as they travel across the country hoping for work in a foreign state; California. Through out their trip they seem to come to believe that â€Å"there ain’t no sin and there ain’t no virtue† just people doing what people do. Yet the more they seem to believe this, the more the reader begins to see that there is in-fact a drastic flaw in their ideology. People do do horrible and good things, but those are what prove that Sin and Virtue do exist. The Joad family are, as a whole, virtuous. Although they sin frequently in during the course of the novel, they are not unscrupulous people. They prove throughout the novel that you can still be virtuous and be a sinner, that these two things do exist. When Tom Joad attacks a man for killing Jim Casey he â€Å"bust[s] his head†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg. 532), and although his action of killing the man may not be virtuous, the fact that he was trying to defend a friend was. Another character that is virtuous, although he doesn’t believe in virtue or sin, is Jim Casey. He takes the blame when a man talks back to a police officer, in order to save the Joads when Tom helps the man. (p.g. 362) And for all that virtue the reader witnesses by the dirty, dubiousâ€Å"Okies†, sin is still seen in the good upstanding citizens of this novel. Steinbeck portrays the Migrant farmers as a bath of misunderstood wanderers, while describing the local citizens as hostile assailants. The police always seem to be out to get the farmers, and the the average man and woman turn their back’s on their struggles. Strikes are constantly being broken that could help the farmers survive, and the lack of support migrants receive in this time period cripple any chance the â€Å"Okies† have at feeding their families and surviving their ordeal. At government run camps, created to help the abused farmers, local towns try to destroy the camps that they believe are killing their livelihood. Most people sin in this book simply by the way the treat the non-natives, ignoring their fellow man in their time of need. And while men like the kind truck driver, buying candy for poor children, can be found they are extremely rare. The idea that sin and virtue don’t exist is truly ridiculous. Both can be found in every aspect of life, and are deeply rooted in the core of this book. John Steinbeck uses the characters arguments of the lack of theses things to expose the truth. That all actions are based from sin and virtue.

Financial Inclusion Through India Post Essay Example

Financial Inclusion Through India Post Essay Example Financial Inclusion Through India Post Essay Financial Inclusion Through India Post Essay Dr. Joji Chandran PhD ABSTRACT India is having the most widely distributed post office system in the world. With 1,55,333 post offices, the India post comes under the Department of Posts which is a part of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology under the Government of India. The wide distribution network of India post is one important factor that favours india post as a channel for financial inclusion in India. The search of financial inclusion appears to be a tough task. Sustained growth of the nation and its continued prosperity depend critically on universal financial services covering all people. Further, empirical evidence shows that inclusive financial system significantly raises growth, alleviate poverty and expand economic opportunity. In India, the India post when linked to banks in a gradual way initially through saving and later through loan product is considered to be an effective strategy to ensure financial inclusion in this backdrop. This paper examines the scope of India Post in the inclusion (Access) of excluded poor households. INTRODUCTION Financial Inclusion The delivery of financial services to the low income group at affordable cost is termed as financial inclusion. The term financial inclusion has gained importance since the early 2000s, and is a result of findings about the unavailability of banking services to the poor (financial exclusion) and its direct correlation to poverty. Financial inclusion is now a common objective for many central banks among the developing nations. The two approaches used for financial inclusion is microfinance and Islamic banking. : Financial Inclusion covers a wide array of services by banking sector. According to Mor and Anath (2007) financial inclusion, at a minimum, may be interpreted to mean the ability of every individual to access basic financial services which include savings, loans and insurance in a manner that is reasonably convenient and flexible in terms of access and design and reliable in the sense that savings are safe and that insurance claim will be paid with certainity. Rao (2007) was of the opinion that though the inancial inclusion covers a wide array of services by the banking sector, one crucial area relate to borrowings from banks by the lower strata of unorganized segment of the economy. Further, debt owed to institutional and non-institutional sources could be used as barometer of degree of financial inclusion in the two sectors. Thorat (2007) used the percentage of adult population having bank accounts as a measure of financial inclusion in the payment system. Similarly she used the pe rcentage of adult population having loan account as a measure of financial inclusion in formal credit market. India Post The apex body of the department is the Postal Service Board. The board consists of a chairman and three members. The three members hold the portfolios of Operations amp; Marketing, Infrastructure amp; Financial Services, and Personnel. The Joint Secretary and Financial Advisor to the Board is also a permanent invitee to the Board. India has been divided into 22 postal circles. Each circle is headed by a Chief Postmaster General. Each Circle is further divided into Regions comprising field units, called Divisions, headed by a Postmaster General. Other functional units like Circle Stamp Depots, Postal Stores Depots and Mail Motor Service may exist in the Circles and Regions. Million’s of people in India live below poverty line with the per capita income of less than one dollar per day. The policy makers and practitioners who have been trying to improve the lives of these poor and fight against poverty. This got reflected in the successive fiver-year plans, which had the objectives of ‘growth and equity’ and ‘social justice’. The planners however, realized that rapid growth did not bring about ‘trickle down’ effect, particularly so in rural areas. This realization led to the restructuring of institutions and schematic lending to facilitate better accessibility of credit for the underprivileged. Thus, initiatives in this regard were taken by building an institutional frame work through nationalization of banks, creation of regional rural banks. The government sponsored several programmes and projects to bring the excluded poor into the mainstream â€Å"development†. These programmes failed achieve its goals. And many now believe that government assistance to the poor often creates dependency and disincentives that make matters worse, not better. Moreover, despite decades of aid, communities and families appear to be increasingly fractured, offering a fragile foundation on which to build. Table No. 1. Bank Penetration Rates among working age paid workforce’s in India Workforce Category| Total| Rural| Urban| All earners aged 18-59 years| 45%| 38%| 62%| Shopkeepers| 72%| 65%| 79%| Dairy farmers| 59%| 59%| 62%| Traditional farmers| 45%| 45%| 51%| Street Vendors| 39%| 35%| 45%| Semi amp; Skilled wage labourers| 34%| 32%| 37%| Artisans amp; Craftsman| 26%| 22%| 37%| Home based workers| 25%| 20%| 38%| Agricultural wage labourers| 14%| 14%| 12%| Other daily wage labourers| 18%| 15%| 26%| Source: Invest India Incomes and Savings Survey, 2007 While considering the total number of customers and the total number of branches, the post office savings bank is the largest bank in India. The bank does not discriminate between rich customer or a poor customer. One of the biggest problems in rural India is that the population is not accustomed to formal banking and turns to local moneylenders in times of need. Out of fear for their livelihood, farmers only approach money lenders for special situations, such as medical emergencies, their children’s weddings or religious ceremonies. As traditional banks do not grant credit for these kinds of expenses, the central bank issued a â€Å"kisaan credit card† for farmers, designed to enable them to borrow money in precisely those circumstances. In view of the crucial role of savings, the central bank decided to collaborate with India Post in 2006. The latter looks back on a very long history as a savings institution (since 1882).

Thesis Writing Tips

Thesis Writing Tips Thesis Writing Tips Thesis Writing Tips: Yours Personal Guide. Before you start writing your thesis you should read some tips and some information about thesis. What is thesis? A thesis or dissertation is a document performed by students for a degree or professional qualification presenting the author's research and discoveries. In some universities, the word thesis is used as part of a bachelor's or master's course. Thesis is an academic standard procedure. Thesis Writing Tips: Thesis Importance. If you are a student, thesis writing is a very important sphere in your learning life because your passing the course depends on it. Therefore, you should be concentrated during the work on your thesis. You can write a thesis for a couple reasons: if you need to write it to get a degree, if you need extra credit to enter a higher educational institution, because you want to become familiar with serious scientific researches, or if you are really into these researches. It is does not matter what the rea son, is the start point for your long, difficult but exciting work! Thesis Writing Tips: The Basic Steps in Researching and Writing. Before you start writing a thesis, you should read this small but very useful paragraph. It contains all necessary statements that you need to write a good quality thesis. Do not ignore it! First of all you need to have full understanding of the thesis and its challenges. Choose a thesis topic that is focused. This is a crucial step. Try to develop understanding about the structural writing various phases of thesis. Receive all the necessary approvals for your thesis topic. Do not forget about planning. Good planning and project management make a significant difference in how difficult your thesis is to complete and how long it takes. Try to follow the thesis format. Check out hypothesis/ thesis statement/objectives. This is the basic element in the thesis. Try to write the thesis abstract with full of care, avoid hurry in everything. Maintain links between the chapters and logical relations between various sections Note all the literature you use. Build your bibliography. Try to think accurately before making outline for the thesis. Learn correct punctuation because incorrect/no punctuation can cause great difficulties in reading. Be correct with active or passive voices usage. Never ignore the value of diagrams, graphs, charts, tables. Check them. Find out and correct the errors of table of contents, bibliography, and index. The conclusions must provide solutions of the raised issue rather than an abrupt end; how to write a thesis is not difficult after knowing all these. Do not forget to edit your work. Thesis Writing Tips: Resume. Writing a thesis is a very responsible work. It affects your future and your career in a particular! So do not be in a hurry. We wish you luck in passing!

Critically examine the steps that have been taken in the EU to create Coursework

Critically examine the steps that have been taken in the EU to create a single market for banking institutions (until the year 2001). Have they been successful - Coursework Example It does not prearrange or presuppose suggestions that either Coalition party may make in the future for modifications both to the EU and to the balance of competences. Replies to the Call for Evidence, and proof from appropriate public literature, propose that in the areas covered the balance of competences, as planned in the EU Treaties, are largely suitable, but are often weakened by poor policy-making. For the balance to be completely applicable in the yet to come times, the EU ought to assume noteworthy reorganization of the current EU policy-making structure and procedures, take a more balanced method to legislation in all sub-sectors, and give better thought to the code of conduct in the subsidiarity in retail market sectors. This is reinforced by proof that: Entree to the single market in financial services and the Free Movement of Capital offers substantial paybacks for the UK financial services industry and for clients – a number of industry shareholders stressed the UK’s access to the Single Market as a motive to localize in the UK and claimed that more development of the Single Market would bring supplementary profits (Klein & Giovanni, 2005). There are, nevertheless, substantial flaws in the EU’s existing approach to coordination and policy-making – investors reflected on the current policy-making structure to have been insufficient for the type, volume and pace of legislation experienced in the last five years, and the value of meetings, impact assessments and drafting of comprehensive guidelines to have not been adequately high (Michelle, 2007). Dedicated reorganization is required to guarantee the attainment of the Single Market and validate the current balance of competences – a majority of respondents supposed that a program of transformation is attainable and could spot-on mistakes on the current shortages, although extensive concerns

Research paper for art ( advertising ) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

For art ( advertising ) - Research Paper Example The essay deconstructs advertising, as it investigates the gap between what is promised and what is actually communicated and provided, using several print advertisements. These advertisements appropriate ideas from High Art and culture by intertextuality, specifically, through using cultural symbols and associations where products do not have denotations alone to represent the actual needs that they can satisfy, but more than that, they connote the fulfillment of various human desires, especially for sex and power. Corporate interests want to use these sexual and violent images to engender that their products are more than things to be consumed, but are signifiers of identities and lifestyles. Advertising mediates meaning by acting on people and framing their attitudes and behaviors. Advertisements act on people by using objects or images that have influence on their emotions and/or cognitions. An example is the Budweiser print ad shown below (Figure 1). The ad contains three, evidently, young women, who may even be considered as under-aged, surrounded with Budweiser beer cans and with Budweiser brand and logo plastered on their swimsuit-wearing bodies and the mat they are on. The youth of these models means that the advertisers target the youth, even when they know that many countries ban drinking alcohol for teenagers. The use of pocket books and CDs also underscore the youth’s interests, as well as their middle-class lifestyle. Jean Kilbourne, in â€Å"Forget the Rules! Enjoy the Wine,† provides other beer and alcohol ads that attract the younger market through familiar animal icons and through appealing to their sense of rebellion and demand for freedom (164). Kilbourne argues that advertisers sell beer by selling rebellion, including women, to target female drinkers. Figure 1 affirms the sense of rebellion in these young women drinking beer as if it is something they can do every